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Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 618) __TwigTemplate_6c96e958a41493ebf885c7d151ed9ab1->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
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Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 618) __TwigTemplate_6c96e958a41493ebf885c7d151ed9ab1->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
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Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 618) __TwigTemplate_6c96e958a41493ebf885c7d151ed9ab1->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
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Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 618) __TwigTemplate_6c96e958a41493ebf885c7d151ed9ab1->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
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Dave Strayer is a freshwater ecologist whose current work focuses on measuring the long-term effects of zebra mussels on the Hudson River ecosystem, and understanding the roles of suspension-feeding animals in ecosystems. Strayer also works on broader issues in freshwater conservation ecology and invasion biology.
Species introductions are one of the most important ways by which humans affect the Earth’s ecosystems. Strayer has been involved in much research in this area, particularly regarding the zebra mussel. This tiny bivalve arrived in North America from Europe in the 1980s and has caused hundreds of millions of dollars in economic damage and widespread ecological change.
Water clarity, water chemistry, food webs, and populations of native species, including fish, in the Hudson River all changed after zebra mussels arrived. Now, decades after their first appearance, Strayer and Cary scientists see evidence of fundamental long-term changes in the relationship between the river and the invader. The Cary group has been tracking this changing relationship for almost 30 years, providing one of the longest and most detailed case studies in invasion ecology.
Strayer also works on the ecology and conservation of native pearly mussels, a highly diverse and imperiled group of animals. He wrote Freshwater Mussel Ecology: A Multifactor Approach to Distribution and Abundance.
Zebra mussels and pearly mussels are examples of suspension-feeders – animals that feed by removing tiny particles from the water. These animals can have large, pervasive effects on aquatic ecosystems. Strayer is currently working to synthesize information and understanding of freshwater suspension-feeders across a wide range of species and ecosystems.
In addition to his scientific publications, Strayer has written several dozen essays for the general public, which are collected in The Lost Snail of the Yangtze and Other Essays.