Error message
Deprecated function: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Component\Utility\Unicode::validateUtf8() (line 395 of core/lib/Drupal/Component/Utility/Unicode.php).
Drupal\Component\Utility\Unicode::validateUtf8() (Line: 65) Drupal\Component\Utility\Xss::filter() (Line: 351) _colorbox_formatter_get_caption() (Line: 140) template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 476) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 254) __TwigTemplate_e68b79b8ded550481c188f9d99549233->{closure}() (Line: 2058) Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput() (Line: 44) __TwigTemplate_e68b79b8ded550481c188f9d99549233->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 476) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 45) __TwigTemplate_1c086714c718e741ecd343a31c9086e1->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 224) Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 223) Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->process() (Line: 118) Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 476) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 254) __TwigTemplate_e68b79b8ded550481c188f9d99549233->{closure}() (Line: 2058) Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput() (Line: 44) __TwigTemplate_e68b79b8ded550481c188f9d99549233->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 476) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 236) __TwigTemplate_23108bcbbb34dcc0590b1bc486ddf468->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 191) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 128) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 82) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)Deprecated function: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in Drupal\Component\Utility\Xss::filter() (line 69 of core/lib/Drupal/Component/Utility/Xss.php).
Drupal\Component\Utility\Xss::filter() (Line: 351) _colorbox_formatter_get_caption() (Line: 140) template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 476) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 254) __TwigTemplate_e68b79b8ded550481c188f9d99549233->{closure}() (Line: 2058) Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput() (Line: 44) __TwigTemplate_e68b79b8ded550481c188f9d99549233->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 476) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 45) __TwigTemplate_1c086714c718e741ecd343a31c9086e1->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 224) Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 223) Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->process() (Line: 118) Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 870) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 476) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 254) __TwigTemplate_e68b79b8ded550481c188f9d99549233->{closure}() (Line: 2058) Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput() (Line: 44) __TwigTemplate_e68b79b8ded550481c188f9d99549233->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 476) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 236) __TwigTemplate_23108bcbbb34dcc0590b1bc486ddf468->doDisplay() (Line: 387) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 343) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 358) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 35) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 191) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 128) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 82) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
Data
Click on the link to access each data set. If you wish to use these data sets, please email Gary Lovett, lovettg@caryinstitute.org with a brief explanation of how you intend to use them.
| Data set | Start date | Method |
| Gypsy moth egg mass density metadatadata .xls | 1980 | direct counts on sample plots |
| Nutrient Cycling | ||
| Wet deposition | 1984 | wet-only collectors |
| Dry deposition | 1988 | filter packs + deposition velocity model |
| Throughfall metadata .pdf data .xls | 1993 (through 1999) | funnel/bottle collectors |
| B horizon soil solution metadata .pdfdata .xls | 1993 | constant tension lysimeters |
| Potential N mineralization metadata .pdfdata .xls | 1994 | laboratory incubation |
| Foliar N concentration metadata .pdfdata .xls | 1994 | C-N analyzer |
Trends in Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition
We have observed a decline in total (wet + dry) atmospheric deposition of both nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) since we began measurements in 1988 (Kelly et al 2002). There have been corresponding declines in fluxes of N and S in throughfall and of S in soil leachate (see graphs below). The fact that S leaching is substantially higher than S deposition suggests that mineral weathering contributes S to this ecosystem. There is minimal leaching of N, suggesting almost complete retention of N under current deposition conditions. With addition of nitrogen through experimental fertilization, nitrate leaching is accelerated, the soils become acidified, and tree mortality increases (Wallace et al. 2007).
- Wallace, Z.P., G.M. Lovett, J.E. Hart, and B. Machona. 2007. Effects of nitrogen saturation on tree growth and death in a mixed-oak forest. Forest Ecology and Management 243:210-218.
- Lovett, G. M. and J. E. Hart. 2005. Monitoring the Deposition and Effects of Air Pollution in the Hudson Valley, NY. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Report 05-01. NYSERDA, Albany, NY. 27 pp.
- Kelly, V.R., G.M. Lovett, K.C. Weathers and G.E Likens. 2002. Trends in atmospheric concentration and deposition compared to regional and local pollutant emissions at a rural site in southeastern New York, USA. Atmospheric Environment 36:1569-1575.
