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  • Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (line 80 of vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Util/PageHelper.php).
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago('2513', '2533+') (Line: 43)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats(Array, Object) (Line: 160)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage('2513-2533+') (Line: 108)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render(Object, NULL) (Line: 79)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render(Object) (Line: 83)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render(Object, NULL) (Line: 79)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render(Object) (Line: 98)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render(Object, NULL) (Line: 86)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render(Object) (Line: 290)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro(Object) (Line: 120)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render(Object, 0) (Line: 130)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle(Object, 0) (Line: 97)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render(Object, NULL) (Line: 76)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render(Object) (Line: 137)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography(Object) (Line: 183)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render(Object) (Line: 67)
    Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render(Object, '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    
      
        Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (author-date)
        http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date
        
        
        
          Julian Onions
          julian.onions@gmail.com
        
        
          Sebastian Karcher
        
        
          Richard Karnesky
          karnesky+zotero@gmail.com
          http://arc.nucapt.northwestern.edu/Richard_Karnesky
        
        
          Andrew Dunning
          andrew.dunning@utoronto.ca
        
        
        
        The author-date variant of the Chicago style
        2015-12-16T02:32:01+00:00
        This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
      
      
        
          ed.
          by
          trans.
          
            edited and translated by
            edited and translated by
          
          trans.
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
              
              
                
              
            
          
        
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
            
            
              
              
              
              
              
            
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
            
            
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                
                
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
              
            
          
          
            
            
              
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                    
                    
                      
                      
                    
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                  
                    
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
              
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
              
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                
                  
                    
                      
                    
                    
                      
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                  
                  
                    
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                
              
            
          
          
            
            
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
              
              
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                    
                      
                        
                          
                          
                          
                        
                      
                      
                        
                      
                    
                  
                  
                    
                  
                
              
              
                
              
            
            
          
        
      
      
        
      
      
        
          
            
          
        
        
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
              
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
              
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
              
            
          
          
            
              
              
            
          
          
            
          
        
        
          
          
          
            
              
              
                
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
              
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
                
              
              
                
                  
                    
                  
                
                
                
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                
              
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
              
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
          
        
        
          
            
            
            
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
        
      
    
    ', 'en') (Line: 92)
    Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render(Array) (Line: 41)
    bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation(Array, 'bibcite_citation', Array)
    call_user_func_array('bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation', Array) (Line: 261)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('bibcite_citation', Array) (Line: 491)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1204)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
    template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
    call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 261)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 491)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1796)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 767)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
    call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 113)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 870)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 432)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 706)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 572)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 460)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1592)
    Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1689)
    Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('block_1', Array) (Line: 81)
    Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array) (Line: 61)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171)
    Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender(Array)
    call_user_func_array('Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender', Array) (Line: 113)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback('Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender', Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 870)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', 'Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender', Array) (Line: 432)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 577)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->renderVar(Array) (Line: 551)
    __TwigTemplate_f541404ec0d267dc4ce59ecaeb25d3f3->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
    Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
    Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/nodes/bio/node--bio.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 491)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 238)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 231)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 128)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
    Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
    call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 111)
    Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 186)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 76)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 53)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 28)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 32)
    Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 50)
    Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 36)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 741)
    Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)
    
  • Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (line 81 of vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Util/PageHelper.php).
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago('2513', '2533+') (Line: 43)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats(Array, Object) (Line: 160)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage('2513-2533+') (Line: 108)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render(Object, NULL) (Line: 79)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render(Object) (Line: 83)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render(Object, NULL) (Line: 79)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render(Object) (Line: 98)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render(Object, NULL) (Line: 86)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render(Object) (Line: 290)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro(Object) (Line: 120)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render(Object, 0) (Line: 130)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle(Object, 0) (Line: 97)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render(Object, NULL) (Line: 76)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render(Object) (Line: 137)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography(Object) (Line: 183)
    Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render(Object) (Line: 67)
    Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render(Object, '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    
      
        Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (author-date)
        http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date
        
        
        
          Julian Onions
          julian.onions@gmail.com
        
        
          Sebastian Karcher
        
        
          Richard Karnesky
          karnesky+zotero@gmail.com
          http://arc.nucapt.northwestern.edu/Richard_Karnesky
        
        
          Andrew Dunning
          andrew.dunning@utoronto.ca
        
        
        
        The author-date variant of the Chicago style
        2015-12-16T02:32:01+00:00
        This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
      
      
        
          ed.
          by
          trans.
          
            edited and translated by
            edited and translated by
          
          trans.
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
              
              
                
              
            
          
        
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
            
            
              
              
              
              
              
            
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
            
            
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                
                
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
              
            
          
          
            
            
              
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                    
                    
                      
                      
                    
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                  
                    
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
              
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
              
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                
                  
                    
                      
                    
                    
                      
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                  
                  
                    
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                
              
            
          
          
            
            
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
                
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
              
              
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                    
                      
                        
                          
                          
                          
                        
                      
                      
                        
                      
                    
                  
                  
                    
                  
                
              
              
                
              
            
            
          
        
      
      
        
      
      
        
          
            
          
        
        
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
              
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
              
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
              
            
          
          
            
              
              
            
          
          
            
          
        
        
          
          
          
            
              
              
                
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
              
              
              
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
              
                
                
                
              
              
                
                  
                    
                  
                
                
                
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                
                  
                
              
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
              
              
                
                  
                  
                
              
            
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
          
          
        
        
          
            
            
            
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
        
      
    
    ', 'en') (Line: 92)
    Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render(Array) (Line: 41)
    bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation(Array, 'bibcite_citation', Array)
    call_user_func_array('bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation', Array) (Line: 261)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('bibcite_citation', Array) (Line: 491)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1204)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
    template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
    call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 261)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 491)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1796)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 767)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
    call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 113)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 870)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 432)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 706)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 572)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 460)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1592)
    Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1689)
    Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('block_1', Array) (Line: 81)
    Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array) (Line: 61)
    Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171)
    Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender(Array)
    call_user_func_array('Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender', Array) (Line: 113)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback('Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender', Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 870)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', 'Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender', Array) (Line: 432)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 577)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->renderVar(Array) (Line: 551)
    __TwigTemplate_f541404ec0d267dc4ce59ecaeb25d3f3->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
    Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
    Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/nodes/bio/node--bio.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 491)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 238)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 231)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 128)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
    Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
    call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 111)
    Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 186)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 76)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 53)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 28)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 32)
    Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 50)
    Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 36)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 741)
    Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)
    

Dr. Alan R. Berkowitz

Head of Education, Plant Ecologist | PhD, Cornell University

Expertise
education

845 677-7600 x311

Alan Berkowitz is a leader in advancing ecosystem literacy. His efforts include developing teaching materials, facilitating undergraduate research opportunities, and training educators. His projects aim to enhance public understanding of the complex interactions that govern the natural world and the ways that people influence ecosystems.

Berkowitz directs Cary Institute’s Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program. Over 30 years running, the program allows students to conduct hands-on ecological research under the advisement of a scientist mentor. The program, which is committed to supporting diversity, has launched nearly 75% of its alums into careers in the sciences. Berkowitz also directs the Urban Water Innovation Network (UWIN) Undergraduate Research Program.

Schools across the nation have the opportunity to partner with Cary Institute to implement freely available curriculum materials and participate in cutting-edge teacher training workshops. These collaborations bring together teachers, education researchers, and scientists – all working to improve ecological science literacy.

Berkowitz is the Education Team Leader for the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES), a Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site directed by Cary Institute. In this role, Berkowitz works with teachers in Baltimore City Public Schools to bring BES research into the classroom.

Gunckel, KL, BA Covitt, Alan R. Berkowitz, Bess Caplan, and JC Moore. 2022. “Computational Thinking for Using Models of Water Flow in Environmental Systems: Intertwining Three Dimensions in a Learning Progression”. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING. doi:10.1002/tea.21755.
Erickson, Olivia A., Rebecca B. Cole, Jared M. Isaacs, Silvia Alvarez-Clare, Jonathan Arnold, Allison Augustus-Wallace, Joseph C. Ayoob, et al. 2022. “‘How Do We Do This at a Distance?!’ A Descriptive Study of Remote Undergraduate Research Programs During COVID-19”. LSE 21 (1). American Society for Cell Biology (lse): ar1+. doi:10.1187/cbe.21-05-0125.
Grooms, Jonathon, Kevin Fleming, Alan R. Berkowitz, and Bess Caplan. 2021. “Exploring Modeling As a Context to Support Content Integration for Chemistry and Earth Science”. Journal of Chemical Education 98 (7). American Chemical Society (ACS): 2167-75. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00319.
Meixner, Thomas, Alan R. Berkowitz, Alisen E. Downey, Jose Pillich, Reese LeVea, Brianne K. Smith, Mark Chandler, et al. 2021. “Rapid Assessment and Long-Term Monitoring of Green Stormwater Infrastructure With Citizen Scientists”. Sustainability 13 (22). MDPI AG: 12520. doi:10.3390/su132212520.
Carpenter, S. L., J. Kim, K. Nilsen, T. Irish, J. A. Bianchini, and Alan R. Berkowitz. (2024) 2020. “Secondary Science teachers’ Use of Discourse Moves to Work With Student Ideas in Classroom Discussions”. International Journal of Science Education 42 (15): 2513-33.
Klemow, Kenneth, Alan R. Berkowitz, C. Cid, and G. Middendorf. 2019. “Improving Ecological Education through a Four-Dimensional Framework”. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 17 (2): 71. doi:10.1002/fee.2013.
Esposito, Rhea M. M., Cornelia Harris, Alan R. Berkowitz, and Maribel Pregnall. 2019. “The Joys of Teaching Ecology in K–12 and Informal Settings”. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 17 (9). Wiley: 538-39. doi:10.1002/fee.2122.
Berkowitz, Alan R., Tobias Irish, and Cornelia Harris. 2016. “Data Explorations in Ecology: Secondary Students’ Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Towards Data”. In National Association for Research in Science Teaching Annual Conference. http://www.caryinstitute.org/reprints/Berkowitz_NARST_2016_DEEP_final.pdf.
Jordan, Rebecca C., Wesley R. Brooks, Jacqueline R. DeLisi, Steven A. Gray, and Alan R. Berkowitz. 2015. “Ecology Nature of Science: Shared Discussions and Practices Among Ecologists and High School Teachers”. Ecosphere 6 (11): art223. doi:10.1890/ES13-00386.1.
Berkowitz, Alan R., Tobias Irish, Cornelia Harris, Samantha Root, C.A. Brewer, Katherine Trudeau, and Angelita Alvarado-Santos. 2015. “Data Explorations in Ecology: Students’ Understanding of Variability and Use of Data in Environmental Citizenship”. In Association for Science Teacher Education Northeast Chapter Annual Meeting. http://www.caryinstitute.org/reprints/Berkowitz_ASTE_2015_DEEP_final.pdf.

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