
Error message
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (line 80 of vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Util/PageHelper.php).
Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 620) __TwigTemplate_e2817645b5a55444cf7324ed066f31db->doDisplay() (Line: 388) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 344) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 359) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (line 81 of vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Util/PageHelper.php).
Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 620) __TwigTemplate_e2817645b5a55444cf7324ed066f31db->doDisplay() (Line: 388) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 344) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 359) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (line 80 of vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Util/PageHelper.php).
Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 620) __TwigTemplate_e2817645b5a55444cf7324ed066f31db->doDisplay() (Line: 388) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 344) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 359) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (line 80 of vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Util/PageHelper.php).
Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 620) __TwigTemplate_e2817645b5a55444cf7324ed066f31db->doDisplay() (Line: 388) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 344) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 359) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (line 81 of vendor/seboettg/citeproc-php/src/Util/PageHelper.php).
Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::renderChicago() (Line: 43) Seboettg\CiteProc\Util\PageHelper::processPageRangeFormats() (Line: 160) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderPage() (Line: 108) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 83) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 79) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\ChooseIf->render() (Line: 98) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Choose\Choose->render() (Line: 86) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render() (Line: 290) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro() (Line: 120) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render() (Line: 130) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle() (Line: 97) Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render() (Line: 76) Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render() (Line: 137) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography() (Line: 183) Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render() (Line: 67) Drupal\bibcite\Plugin\BibCiteProcessor\CiteprocPhp->render() (Line: 92) Drupal\bibcite\CitationStyler->render() (Line: 41) bibcite_preprocess_bibcite_citation() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1204) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender() (Line: 238) template_preprocess_views_view_field() call_user_func_array() (Line: 261) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 1796) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme() (Line: 769) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 708) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields() (Line: 574) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping() (Line: 462) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render() (Line: 2177) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1593) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 133) Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Block->execute() (Line: 1690) Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay() (Line: 81) Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement() (Line: 61) Drupal\views\Plugin\Block\ViewsBlock->build() (Line: 171) Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender() call_user_func_array() (Line: 113) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 875) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 432) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 620) __TwigTemplate_e2817645b5a55444cf7324ed066f31db->doDisplay() (Line: 388) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 344) Twig\Template->display() (Line: 359) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33) twig_render_template() (Line: 348) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 491) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 238) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 231) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 128) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() call_user_func() (Line: 111) Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 50) Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
- Profile
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- Publications
Steward Pickett is an expert in the ecology of plants, landscapes, and urban ecosystems. Recipient of the Ecological Society of America's 2021 Eminent Ecologist Award, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and the founding director of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (1997-2016), Pickett also co-directed the Urban Sustainability Research Coordination Network. This project established lasting, interdisciplinary connections between urban designers, policymakers, and managers; the National Science Foundation deemed the project a model for research coordination networks.
Pickett’s research focuses on the ecological structure of urban areas and vegetation dynamics, with national and global applications. Among his research sites: vacant lots in urban Baltimore, primary forests in western Pennsylvania, post-agricultural fields in New Jersey, China’s rapidly urbanizing Yanqi Valley, and riparian woodlands and savannas in Kruger National Park, South Africa.
By applying ecological theory to urban planning, architecture, and landscape architecture, Pickett strives to convert cities and suburbs from ecological liabilities into ecological assets. He forges partnerships between ecologists and people who design and manage cities to protect and promote ecosystem services in urban environments.
Patterns in ecologically-important factors like water retention, vegetation growth, and wildlife habitat availability change when humans develop natural areas. Using satellite data, Pickett studies urban landscape composition as it evolves and links this information to social and demographic influences.
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Buell-Small Succession Study
The Buell-Small Succession Study is a long term ecological study designed to document old field succession.
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Baltimore Ecosystem Study
A ground-breaking urban ecology project, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study investigates the ecological, cultural, and economic forces that shape the environmental quality of urbanized areas.
Books

Patch Atlas
Yale University Press, 2020

Science for the Sustainable City
Yale University Press, 2019

The Baltimore School of Urban Ecology: Space, Scale, and Time for the Study of Cities
Yale University Press, 2015