Error message

Deprecated function: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Component\Utility\Unicode::validateUtf8() (line 395 of core/lib/Drupal/Component/Utility/Unicode.php).

Drupal\Component\Utility\Unicode::validateUtf8(NULL) (Line: 65)
Drupal\Component\Utility\Xss::filter(NULL) (Line: 351)
_colorbox_formatter_get_caption(Array) (Line: 140)
template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter(Array, 'colorbox_formatter', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter', Array) (Line: 261)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('colorbox_formatter', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 250)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->{closure}() (Line: 1881)
Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput(Object) (Line: 40)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/fields/field.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 41)
__TwigTemplate_0c51b0c178cb5a13267b2425c05b1ebb->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/embed/media--media-library.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('media', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 224)
Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\{closure}() (Line: 638)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 223)
Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->process('Fog is commonplace in many coastal geographies, notably the west coasts of California, Chile, and Africa. In many Pacific coastal systems, fog is the primarysometimes the onlysource of water for plant communities and human settlements. It is a fundamental moderator of local and regional climate and influences productivity of near-coast terrestrial ecosystems.



The fog research community came together to develop an interdisciplinary research agenda and is now poised to collaboratively implement that ambitious agenda.



Recognizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach to fog research, a diverse group of multidisciplinary scientists was engaged over the course of several meetings to identify gaps in knowledge and fog research frontiers. The planning exercise confirmed the need for an interdisciplinary, systems-based approach and also resulted in a conceptual framework for studying coastal fog systems.



Conceptual framework.



Resources

Weathers et al. 2014. Fog Research Frontiers: An Interdisciplinary Research Agenda for Coastal Fog Systems.

<a data-entity-substitution="media" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="21c67a10-1fcc-4717-84d2-16226b8b8477" href="/media/1066">Solving the Mysteries of Coastal Fog</a>. (.pdf)

<a href="/sites/default/files/public/reprints/weathers_etal_pescadero_coastal_fog_workshop_summary.pdf">Pescadero Coastal Fog Workshop Summary, June 2013</a>. (.pdf)

Top image:
Changes in fog occurrence could impact the wine industry, which was valued at $13.4 billion in fog-affected Sonoma County, in 2012.
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 113)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 870)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 432)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 250)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->{closure}() (Line: 1881)
Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput(Object) (Line: 40)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/fields/field.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 232)
__TwigTemplate_abc59c813cbc839fddbb1f4d699981bc->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/nodes/node--project.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 238)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 231)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 128)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 111)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 186)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 76)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 53)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 28)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 32)
Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 50)
Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 36)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 741)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in Drupal\Component\Utility\Xss::filter() (line 69 of core/lib/Drupal/Component/Utility/Xss.php).

Drupal\Component\Utility\Xss::filter(NULL) (Line: 351)
_colorbox_formatter_get_caption(Array) (Line: 140)
template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter(Array, 'colorbox_formatter', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter', Array) (Line: 261)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('colorbox_formatter', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 250)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->{closure}() (Line: 1881)
Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput(Object) (Line: 40)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/fields/field.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 41)
__TwigTemplate_0c51b0c178cb5a13267b2425c05b1ebb->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/embed/media--media-library.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('media', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 224)
Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\{closure}() (Line: 638)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 223)
Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->process('Fog is commonplace in many coastal geographies, notably the west coasts of California, Chile, and Africa. In many Pacific coastal systems, fog is the primarysometimes the onlysource of water for plant communities and human settlements. It is a fundamental moderator of local and regional climate and influences productivity of near-coast terrestrial ecosystems.



The fog research community came together to develop an interdisciplinary research agenda and is now poised to collaboratively implement that ambitious agenda.



Recognizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach to fog research, a diverse group of multidisciplinary scientists was engaged over the course of several meetings to identify gaps in knowledge and fog research frontiers. The planning exercise confirmed the need for an interdisciplinary, systems-based approach and also resulted in a conceptual framework for studying coastal fog systems.



Conceptual framework.



Resources

Weathers et al. 2014. Fog Research Frontiers: An Interdisciplinary Research Agenda for Coastal Fog Systems.

<a data-entity-substitution="media" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="21c67a10-1fcc-4717-84d2-16226b8b8477" href="/media/1066">Solving the Mysteries of Coastal Fog</a>. (.pdf)

<a href="/sites/default/files/public/reprints/weathers_etal_pescadero_coastal_fog_workshop_summary.pdf">Pescadero Coastal Fog Workshop Summary, June 2013</a>. (.pdf)

Top image:
Changes in fog occurrence could impact the wine industry, which was valued at $13.4 billion in fog-affected Sonoma County, in 2012.
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 113)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 870)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 432)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 250)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->{closure}() (Line: 1881)
Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput(Object) (Line: 40)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/fields/field.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 232)
__TwigTemplate_abc59c813cbc839fddbb1f4d699981bc->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/nodes/node--project.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 238)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 231)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 128)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 111)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 186)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 76)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 53)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 28)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 32)
Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 50)
Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 36)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 741)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Component\Utility\Unicode::validateUtf8(NULL) (Line: 65)
Drupal\Component\Utility\Xss::filter(NULL) (Line: 351)
_colorbox_formatter_get_caption(Array) (Line: 140)
template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter(Array, 'colorbox_formatter', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter', Array) (Line: 261)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('colorbox_formatter', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 250)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->{closure}() (Line: 1881)
Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput(Object) (Line: 40)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/fields/field.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 41)
__TwigTemplate_0c51b0c178cb5a13267b2425c05b1ebb->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/embed/media--media-library.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('media', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 224)
Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\{closure}() (Line: 638)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 223)
Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->process('Fog is commonplace in many coastal geographies, notably the west coasts of California, Chile, and Africa. In many Pacific coastal systems, fog is the primarysometimes the onlysource of water for plant communities and human settlements. It is a fundamental moderator of local and regional climate and influences productivity of near-coast terrestrial ecosystems.



The fog research community came together to develop an interdisciplinary research agenda and is now poised to collaboratively implement that ambitious agenda.



Recognizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach to fog research, a diverse group of multidisciplinary scientists was engaged over the course of several meetings to identify gaps in knowledge and fog research frontiers. The planning exercise confirmed the need for an interdisciplinary, systems-based approach and also resulted in a conceptual framework for studying coastal fog systems.



Conceptual framework.



Resources

Weathers et al. 2014. Fog Research Frontiers: An Interdisciplinary Research Agenda for Coastal Fog Systems.

<a data-entity-substitution="media" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="21c67a10-1fcc-4717-84d2-16226b8b8477" href="/media/1066">Solving the Mysteries of Coastal Fog</a>. (.pdf)

<a href="/sites/default/files/public/reprints/weathers_etal_pescadero_coastal_fog_workshop_summary.pdf">Pescadero Coastal Fog Workshop Summary, June 2013</a>. (.pdf)

Top image:
Changes in fog occurrence could impact the wine industry, which was valued at $13.4 billion in fog-affected Sonoma County, in 2012.
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 113)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 870)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 432)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 250)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->{closure}() (Line: 1881)
Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput(Object) (Line: 40)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/fields/field.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 232)
__TwigTemplate_abc59c813cbc839fddbb1f4d699981bc->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/nodes/node--project.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 238)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 638)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 231)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 128)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 111)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 186)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 76)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 53)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 28)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 32)
Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 50)
Drupal\ban\BanMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 36)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 741)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Component\Utility\Xss::filter(NULL) (Line: 351)
_colorbox_formatter_get_caption(Array) (Line: 140)
template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter(Array, 'colorbox_formatter', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_colorbox_formatter', Array) (Line: 261)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('colorbox_formatter', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 250)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->{closure}() (Line: 1881)
Twig\Extension\CoreExtension::captureOutput(Object) (Line: 40)
__TwigTemplate_273072a643fb1f8506fbeb733eb7d745->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/cary/templates/fields/field.html.twig', Array) (Line: 348)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 491)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 504)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 248)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 475)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 41)
__TwigTemplate_0c51b0c178cb5a13267b2425c05b1ebb->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 360)
Twig\Template->yield(Array) (Line: 335)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 38)
Twig\TemplateWrapper->render(Array) (Line: 33)
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Drupal\entity_embed\Plugin\Filter\EntityEmbedFilter->process('Fog is commonplace in many coastal geographies, notably the west coasts of California, Chile, and Africa. In many Pacific coastal systems, fog is the primarysometimes the onlysource of water for plant communities and human settlements. It is a fundamental moderator of local and regional climate and influences productivity of near-coast terrestrial ecosystems.



The fog research community came together to develop an interdisciplinary research agenda and is now poised to collaboratively implement that ambitious agenda.



Recognizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach to fog research, a diverse group of multidisciplinary scientists was engaged over the course of several meetings to identify gaps in knowledge and fog research frontiers. The planning exercise confirmed the need for an interdisciplinary, systems-based approach and also resulted in a conceptual framework for studying coastal fog systems.



Conceptual framework.



Resources

Weathers et al. 2014. Fog Research Frontiers: An Interdisciplinary Research Agenda for Coastal Fog Systems.

<a data-entity-substitution="media" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="21c67a10-1fcc-4717-84d2-16226b8b8477" href="/media/1066">Solving the Mysteries of Coastal Fog</a>. (.pdf)

<a href="/sites/default/files/public/reprints/weathers_etal_pescadero_coastal_fog_workshop_summary.pdf">Pescadero Coastal Fog Workshop Summary, June 2013</a>. (.pdf)

Top image:
Changes in fog occurrence could impact the wine industry, which was valued at $13.4 billion in fog-affected Sonoma County, in 2012.
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Solving the Mysteries of Coastal Fog Systems

Lead Scientist(s): Dr Kathleen C Weathers

Fog is commonplace in many coastal geographies, notably the west coasts of California, Chile, and Africa. In many Pacific coastal systems, fog is the primarysometimes the onlysource of water for plant communities and human settlements. It is a fundamental moderator of local and regional climate and influences productivity of near-coast terrestrial ecosystems.

The fog research community came together to develop an interdisciplinary research agenda and is now poised to collaboratively implement that ambitious agenda.

Recognizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach to fog research, a diverse group of multidisciplinary scientists was engaged over the course of several meetings to identify gaps in knowledge and fog research frontiers. The planning exercise confirmed the need for an interdisciplinary, systems-based approach and also resulted in a conceptual framework for studying coastal fog systems.

Resources

Weathers et al. 2014. Fog Research Frontiers: An Interdisciplinary Research Agenda for Coastal Fog Systems.

Solving the Mysteries of Coastal Fog. (.pdf)

Pescadero Coastal Fog Workshop Summary, June 2013. (.pdf)

Top image:
Changes in fog occurrence could impact the wine industry, which was valued at $13.4 billion in fog-affected Sonoma County, in 2012.

fog
def.
A collection of suspended water droplets or ice crystals near the earth’s surface that obscures or restricts visibility to below 1 km (to a greater extent than mist).

Publications

Environmental Controls on Coastal Coarse Aerosols: Implications for Microbial Content and Deposition in the Near-Shore Environment

Dueker, M. E., Kathleen C. Weathers, G.D. O’Mullan, Andrew R. Juhl, and Maria Uriarte. 2011. “Environmental Controls on Coastal Coarse Aerosols: Implications for Microbial Content and Deposition in the Near-Shore Environment”. Environ. Sci. Tech. 45: 3386-92. doi:10.1021/es1035128.

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DOI

Interactions among patch area, forest structure and water fluxes in a fog-inundated forest ecosystem in semiarid Chile

Barbosa, O., P.A. Marquet, L.D. Bacigalupe, D. A. Christie, E. del-Val, A. G. Gutiérrez, Clive G. Jones, Kathleen C. Weathers, and Juan J. Armesto. 2010. “Interactions Among Patch Area, Forest Structure and Water Fluxes in a Fog-Inundated Forest Ecosystem in Semiarid Chile”. Funct. Ecol 24: 909-17. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01697.x.

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DOI

Tropical land-cover change alters biogeochemical inputs to ecosystems in a Mexican montane landscape

Ponette-González, Alexandra, Kathleen C. Weathers, and L.M. Curran. 2010. “Tropical Land-Cover Change Alters Biogeochemical Inputs to Ecosystems in a Mexican Montane Landscape”. Ecol. Appl. 20: 1820-37. http://www.caryinstitute.org/reprints/Ponette_Weathers_Curran_EcoApps2010.pdf.

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Fog water and ecosystem function: Heterogeneity in a California redwood forest

Ewing, Holly A., Kathleen C. Weathers, Pamela H. Templer, T.E. Dawson, M.K. Firestone, A. Elliott, and V.K.S. Boukili. 2009. “Fog Water and Ecosystem Function: Heterogeneity in a California Redwood Forest”. Ecosystems 12: 417-33. doi:10.1007/s10021-009-9232-x.

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DOI

Water inputs across a tropical montane landscape in Veracruz, Mexico: synergistic effects of land cover, rain and fog seasonality, and interannual precipitation variability

Ponette-González, Alexandra, Kathleen C. Weathers, and L.M. Curran. 2009. “Water Inputs across a Tropical Montane Landscape in Veracruz, Mexico: Synergistic Effects of Land Cover, Rain and Fog Seasonality, and Interannual Precipitation Variability”. Global Change Biol. 16: 946-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01985.x.

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DOI

Regeneration patterns and persistence of the fog-dependent Fray Jorge forest in semiarid Chile during the past two centuries

Gutiérrez, A. G., O. Barbosa, D. A. Christie, E. del-Val, Holly A. Ewing, Clive G. Jones, P.A. Marquet, Kathleen C. Weathers, and Juan J. Armesto. 2008. “Regeneration Patterns and Persistence of the Fog-Dependent Fray Jorge Forest in Semiarid Chile During the past Two Centuries”. Global Change Biol. 14: 161-76.

Google Scholar

Empirical modeling of atmospheric deposition in mountainous landscapes

Weathers, Kathleen C., Samuel M. Simkin, Gary M. Lovett, and S.E. Lindberg. 2006. “Empirical Modeling of Atmospheric Deposition in Mountainous Landscapes”. Ecol. Appl. 16: 1590-1607.

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Rain forest islands in the Chilean semiarid region: Fog-dependency, ecosystem persistence and tree regeneration

del-Val, E., Juan J. Armesto, O. Barbosa, D. A. Christie, A. G. Gutiérrez, Clive G. Jones, P.A. Marquet, and Kathleen C. Weathers. 2006. “Rain Forest Islands in the Chilean Semiarid Region: Fog-Dependency, Ecosystem Persistence and Tree Regeneration”. Ecosystems 9: 598-608. http://www.caryinstitute.org/reprints/del-Val_et_al_2006_Rain_forest_Ecosystems.pdf.

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Environmental and Occupational Medicine: Acid Rain (2006)

Weathers, Kathleen C., Gene E. Likens, Tom Butler, and A. Elliott. 2006. “Environmental and Occupational Medicine: Acid Rain (2006)”. In W. Rom (ed.). Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 4th ed., 1549-61. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia.

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Effect of boundaries and edges on flux of nutrients, detritus, and organisms

Cadenasso, Mary L., Steward T. A. Pickett, and Kathleen C. Weathers. 2004. “Effect of Boundaries and Edges on Flux of Nutrients, Detritus, and Organisms”. In G. A. Polis, M. E. Power, and G. Huxel (eds.). Food Webs at the Landscape Level, 154-68. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.

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Fog connects ecosystems›

Microbes hitch a ride inland on coastal fog›

The Strange Forests that Drink—and Eat—Fog›

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Solving the Mysteries of Coastal Fog Systems

Resources

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Fog connects ecosystems›

Microbes hitch a ride inland on coastal fog›

The Strange Forests that Drink—and Eat—Fog›

fog def.A collection of suspended water droplets or ice crystals near the earth’s surface that obscures or restricts visibility to below 1 km (to a greater extent than mist).

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fog
def.
A collection of suspended water droplets or ice crystals near the earth’s surface that obscures or restricts visibility to below 1 km (to a greater extent than mist).